In June of each year, we celebrate the wonderful Fathers and father figures in our lives! The modern celebration of Father’s Day has ancient roots, dating all the way back to the Babylonian period of history.

The earliest record of Father’s Day was found in the ruins of ancient Babylon. A young boy named Elmesu carved a Father’s Day message on a card made out of clay nearly 4,000 years ago. He wished his Babylonian father good health and a long life. The tradition was passed down from generation to generation and is currently celebrated in several countries throughout the world. In many countries, where the Catholic Church has had an important influence on the culture, Father’s Day is celebrated on St. Joseph’s Day (March 19) but in others, the date varies with the calendar year.

In the United States, we typically purchase greeting cards or small gifts for our fathers, grandfathers, uncles, brothers, etc. In other countries around the globe, they have unique and different ways to celebrate the Father’s Day tradition.

1. The UK and Australia: Breakfast meetings for fathers and families are held along with public games and activities that strengthen the father-family bond. These events include picnics with sports or games, fishing contests and hiking or running races.

2. Canada: Different colored roses are worn by families signifying the well-being of their fathers. A white Rose is worn if the father has passed away and a red Rose signifies father or grandfather in good health and vitality.

3. South Africa: Social and cultural societies host large community Father’s Day celebrations to stress the role of fathers in building a stronger society and in nurturing their children. They read stories and poems that have strong male characters.

4. Ireland: Families make donations in the name of their father or perform acts of community service that pay tribute to the important men in their lives.

This year in June, we can all look into some different ways to express thanks and gratitude for the fathers and father-figures in our lives. Whether we spend time strengthening our relationship by participating in an outdoor activity, performing some community service together or just sitting down to a meal together, we can all look to different cultures around the world to see that celebrating fathers is not just something we do here at home. It is an ancient and wonderful tradition that can be expanded upon to create some wonderful new memories and traditions of our own.

Our economy is already and increasingly globalized. The Internet is a global phenomena, national boundaries are almost irrelevant for the Internet. I heard a Peace Corp member telling a story about Kirghistan the other day, she said it is not unusual to see people talking on a cell phone while riding a horse or donkey.

The United Nations, Millennium Development Goals report, mentions that we are making progress getting insecticide treated mosquito nets, Aids drugs and cell phones to the people of Africa.

Grameen Bank has specialized in delivering micro-loans to the women of Bangla Desh and other nations. They favor women because the women are more likely to invest the money in the family.

Grameen Bank is also working in a joint venture with Danon company of France to deliver highly nutritious yogurt at an affordable price in poor nations. They also manufacture the yogurt in local factories, supplying jobs for the folks living in the poor nations.

The point is that everyone, including bloggers and entrepreneurs, need to be aware of the progress that is being made in the development of the global economy and civilization. This is the context in which we are participating.

The stock market in the USA has deflated by 50% during the last two years. When this economic convulsion is finished and we start recovering, the world economy will have a much more level playing field. The post industrialized economies will still have a considerable head start, but with the United Nations, the Internet, cell phones and the global flow of products, services and information, the whole world economy will be rising up together.

In order for us to evolve into a more peaceful and prosperous universal civilization, we must recognize the importance of world unity. We all must come together, there is just no other way to create peace and prosperity for all people everywhere.

We can no longer tolerate a small minority of humanity hoarding the earth’s resources for their own selfish advantage and at the expense of everyone else. Oppression is the absence of justice. True freedom, which is lawful, not lawless, as well as equal opportunity and justice for all people everywhere is absolutely vital in order to advance the cause of world peace and prosperity.

Universal education, including teaching a universal language, is another important aspect of developing a peaceful and prosperous global culture. Unity in diversity, not uniformity, is the nature and the goal of the global culture and universal civilization we are developing on earth today.

Our global culture blends the spiritual and the economic aspects of human nature together in a holistic approach to social and economic development. We must practice moral values and spiritual principles in our economic activities in order to replace the devastating economic cycles and social inequality, with a sustainable, peaceful and prosperous global economy, which is an inherent attribute of the universal and divine civilization in which it exists.

This is due usually to design issues; pc titles are often hand crafted for the pc. So Sid Meier the creator of Civilization, being the genius he is decided to rebuild his baby for the console loving generation. Thus Civilization Revolution was born. Civilization Revolution plays the normal Civilization card; you pick a civilization headed by a historical figure. The Egyptians have Cleopatra; the French have Napoleon, the good old Americans have Honest Abe, and so on and so forth. All the civilizations have their own perks. They’re all extremely stereotypical; the Chinese come booming with technology as the Egyptians come stuffed full of culture. The object of the game is to complete one of the 4 conditions of victory. These conditions include an economic victory in which you amass more wealth than everyone; a technological victory is when your civilization goes into outer space first, a cultural victory is when your civilization produces enough culture to convert a number of cities or luring the maximum number of Great Persons, and lastly and least likely is total domination, in which you can probably guess what happens here, the capture of every capitol city. The down side to this variety of victories is that you’re subject to all of them every round. There’s no way to select a specific match type, which would have been an obvious choice if this was play tested enough but apparently it wasn’t, so good luck. All areas of study, whether it be cultural or technological have their own advantages and disadvantages. A very cultural society can convert uncivilized societies to join their nation but typically your armies would be rather weak.

Your play style will usually decide right from the start what kind of nation you will be. Another great portion of the game is the super powers of a Great Person. A great person is attracted by culture. They come with two options a settlement, in which they will add some sort of perk to the city such as plus 50% percent gold production. The second option is a here and now activation such as completing the study of a technology or adding $400 to your treasury. The option is left to you. The heavy duty portion of the game which is combat, is decided depending on the unit, defense, attack, and home field advantage. A lot of the match ups are obvious, in a rifleman vs archer battle the archer would not stand a chance. They also have specialized units for taking over cities. Since cities defenses are held by how many and what types of units are stationed. You can’t just ride in there with a couple of archers or knights and have your way. In medieval times a catapult is a better attack on the city where as in modern times, a tank would suffice. They also have ways to create mischief without war. A spy unit can sneak in a city and capture a Great Person, steal gold, or even disrupt defenses without causing war. Proxy wars can be caused often because the resource squares surrounding the cities can’t be walked on by another nation.

This can make a smaller nation who is blocked in or a larger nation just looking to explore a little heated. When starting the game one of the first things you notice are the cartoon like characters. This is typically seen the most with your advisers. Advisers let you know about happenings and world events. Their interruptions are a breathe of fresh air as most of the time you may be concentrating diligently on not being massacred. A very entertaining aspect of the game is when the advisers and nations leaders interact with each other. If they come on screen at the same time a leader may pull a knife in caution or be startled and walk off screen. The only bad part of this deal is sometimes the advisers or leaders block the words and you can’t quite make out what’s in the text. Luckily if you let them sit there they will move, but this is still a nuisance. The A.I. seems to be completely prejudiced towards the player. There is a constant beating you to take no matter how nice or mean you are as a ruler. The computer always seems as if they’re gunning for you and you only. At any given time you’re not at war with just one civilization but all 4 or 5 at the same time. If your defense is solid enough they will back off after they’re attempts result in enough stalemates but for the most part you will always be at war. This is both a gift and a curse. You want the match to be action packed but you also don’t want to spend 2 thousand years at war for your people to hardly progress and for another civilization to have so much technology they go to outer space and win the match. This happens a lot. You have to have a very good strategy even when playing on the easiest level of difficulty in order to compete and maintain life in your cities.

Civilization Revolution is a great game, the uniqueness of all the nations makes for an interesting battle each time you play and allows for a ton of replay ability. There are certain aspects of the game that you may scratch your head over, such as not being able to choose a win condition or why the computer picks on you and you only. But these small problems don’t hinder the great experience that is Civilization Revolution.

Nowadays, we came to realize that there are lots of people who became more talented and resourceful in fighting against the challenges of life. One of the best challenges that human can face is the fact that we need to fight for survival. In order to survived, we need those ways where we can be able to sustain all our needs everyday and one of the most resourceful people in the world are the gold buyers. Earth is one of the blessed places in the universe because we are also blessed with lots of natural resources where we can be able to make living wonderful.

One of the riches that the world has is the precious gold. In this case, they are into their hunt in looking and buying for high carat gold and make money with it. All over the world, there are so many types of gold buyers. There are those gold coin collectors while the others are gold coin dealers. These are those people who trade high quality gold coins in any places and when they made an effective trading, it will be easier for them to earn money from it. When you are looking for the best ways of earning money, then you can always add gold buying into your lists and make more money with it. Gold is one of the hardest and precious mineral on earth, and we all know that all jewelry came from just a piece of gold.

Due to its ability to be transformed into various type of jewelry, then it is no wonder on why there are already lots of gold buyers in the world today. Often times, they purposely buy gold in order to sell in to others in higher prices. However, there are also gold buyers which intend to buy gold and melt it away in order to form new high quality jewelry. This is the simplest life that gold buyers have, and they were able to live their lives well through the help of gold. Aside from the fact that gold buying is their means of living, buyers also serves an important function in the business industry. During the hardships in the economic aspects, gold tends to hold its value even though market prices will fall. Thus, if you are among those billions of gold buyers in the world, then you are among the most reputable persons as well in the earth.

Postmodern culture, the politics of post-structuralism and the influence of globalization on identity are topics that have received much critical attention and have given rise to complex debates. Whether in the field of cultural and media studies, (post)colonial discourse analysis or aesthetics, these discussions are often perceived as being extremely complicated, confusing or removed from everyday reality. The subject of postmodernism is no longer restricted to learned debates by intellectual elites: Its appearance in mass media discussions concerning topics as diverse as architecture, drama, fashion, literature, music or film has become almost a daily occurrence. The importance of debates on the cultural impact of television is self-evident in the light of television being “an asset open to virtually everybody in modern industrialized societies and one which is increasing its visibility across the planet” (Barker, The Cultural impact of television, 3).

The Cultural Studies in a Global Context fosters cross-disciplinary research and teaching among social sciences and humanities scholars, focusing on the complexities of increasing globalization and intercultural contact. These changes have stimulated both formal and informal dialogues and collaborations among faculty, graduate students, professors of departments, and programs. Recently their works have focused on environmental issues in postcolonial contexts; empire, masculinity and gender; ethnic and religious violence; migration and diasporas as it currently occurs in the face of accelerating globalization and from a historical perspective; theories of cultural hybridity and interculturality in the context of asymmetrical power relations; and geopolitical and other kinds of borders where differences of all kinds cause peoples to clash and intermingle.

Two powerful scenarios dominate the public discourse about the cultural consequences of globalization. The one very common scenario represents globalization as cultural homogenization (for example Benjamin Barbers McWorld vs. Jihad). In this scenario the culturally distinct societies of the world are being overrun by globally available goods, media, ideas and institutions. In a world where people from Vienna to Sidney eat Big Macs, wear Benetton clothes, watch MTV or CNN, talk about human rights and work on their IBM computers cultural characteristics are endangered. As these commodities and ideas are mostly of western origin, globalization is perceived as westernization in disguise. The other scenario is that of cultural fragmentation and intercultural conflict (Huntington’s Clash of civilizations and most recently “confirmed” by the ethnocide in Yugoslavia).

But can we really reduce the processes of cultural globalization (i.e. the process of world-wide interconnections) to these two stereotypes? What about the meaning that local people attach to globally distributed goods and ideas? Why do people drink Coca Cola and what sense do they make of the soap-operas they watch? Do they really trade in their century old life worlds for the kinds of Madonna and Bill Gates? And how does the homogenization scenario fit with its rival, the imminent cultural fragmentation? (Joana Breidenbach and Ina Zukrigl).

Global and local analysis is inseparability. Global forces enter into local situations and global relations are articulated through local events, identities, and cultures; it includes studies of a wide range of cultural forms including sports, poetry, pedagogy ecology, dance, cities. The new global and translocal cultures and identities created by the diasporic processes of colonialism and decolonization. Cultural studies consider a variety of local, national, and transnational contexts with particular attention to race, ethnicity, gender, and sexuality as categories that force us to rethink globalization itself.

It is very important how local and particular discourses are being transformed by new discourses of globalization and transnationalism, as used both by government and business and in critical academic discourse. Unlike other studies that have focused on the politics and economics of globalization, cultural studies, today, articulating the Global and the Local highlights the importance of culture and provides models for a cultural studies that addresses globalization and the dialectic of local and global forces.

Globalization leads to a new cultural diversity. Culture is one of the most prominent global concepts and gets appropriated in highly diverse ways. From its origins, cultural studies have defined its interdisciplinary impulse as a necessity derived from the nature of its object of study. Stuart Hall locates the origin of cultural studies in the refusal to allow “culture” to be distinguished from the social and historical totality of human practices, as exemplified by the refusal of cultural studies to acknowledge the autonomy of high art from mass or popular culture, or the autonomy of cultural artifacts from practices of reception and consumption in everyday life. Thus globality leads to the emergence of new cultural forms – a process points out that everywhere cultural tradition mix and create new practices and worldviews.

One of the key questions in globalized cultural studies is whether we have now entered a new moment in the institutionalization of cultural studies and interdisciplinary work more generally. Cultural studies also have a long history of skepticism and self-critique directed at its own institutionalization. Typically, the way cultural studies seeks to make its methodologies mirror the “totalizing” nature of its object is cited as a defense against reductive institutional codification along disciplinary lines, which it is feared will not only reduce cultural studies to a formula but also eliminate the interdisciplinary forms of dialogue, collaboration, and critique of disciplinary limits that have informed the history of this movement. The logic of epistemological mobility and boundary-crossing that cultural studies shares with its definition of culture is supposed to provide an inherent resistance to disciplinary formation, the traditional mode of academic legitimating. The interdisciplinary logic of cultural studies makes possible an alternative mode of institutionalization, so that Stuart Hall distinguishes “institutionalization,” as a positive process, from the dangers of “codification.” On one level, what a cultural studies program institutionalizes is its own skepticism toward institutionalization as a discipline.

Javad_Alipoor

Education is the knowledge of putting one’s potentials to maximum use. Without education, no one can find the proper right path in this world.

This importance of education is basically for two reasons. Education makes man a right thinker. Without education, no one can think properly in an appropriate context you. It tells man how to think and how to make decision. The second reason for the importance of education is that only through the attainment of education, man is enabled to receive information from the external world. It is well said that

“Without education, man is as though in a closed room and with education he finds himself in a room with all its windows open towards outside world.”

This is why Islam attaches such great importance to knowledge and education. When the Quran began to be revealed, the first word of its first verse was ‘Iqra’ that is, read..

The reflective book of Holy Quran is so rich in content and meaning that if the history of human thought continues forever, this book is not likely to be read to its end. Every day it conveys a new message to the humanity. Every morning, it gives us new thoughtful ideas and bound us in the boundaries of ethics.

Islamic Education is one of the best systems of education, which makes an ethical groomed person with all the qualities, which he/she should have as a human being. The Western world has created the wrong image of Islam in the world. They don’t know that our teachings are directly given to us from Allah, who is the creator of this world, through our Prophets.

The Muslims all over the world are thirsty of acquiring quality education. They know their boundaries and never try to cross it. It is the West, which has created a hype that the Muslim are not in a path of getting proper education. They think that our education teaches us fighting, about weapons, etc., which is so false. This is true that there are certain elements, which force an individual to be on the wrong path, because as we will mould a child, they will be like that, but it doesn’t mean that our religion teaches improperly to us.

Our Holy Prophet (SAW), said,

Seek knowledge from the cradle to the grave.

And:

Seek knowledge even [if it is to be found in a place as distant as China. At the battle of Badr, in which our beloved Holy Prophet (SAW) gained victory over his foes, seventy people of the enemy rank were taken to prison. These prisoners were literate people. In order to benefit from their education the Prophet declared that if one prisoner teaches ten Muslim children how to read and write, this will serve as his ransom and he will be set free. This was the first school in the history of Islam established by the Prophet himself with all its teachers being non-Muslims. The Sunnah of the Prophet shows that education is to be received whatever the risk involved.

Today, the Muslims are acquiring good ideas, thoughts, knowledge, and skills, from all corners of the world. The world is moving very fast, and in this industrialize world, It is the duty of the teachers to give quality ethical integrated education to the Muslim students worldwide, because children are invaluable assets of future generations.

The Prophet Muhammad (SAW) encouraged all Muslims to acquire knowledge and share it. He said:

“Acquire knowledge, for he who acquires it in the way of Allah performs an act of piety; he who speaks of it, praises the Lord; he who seeks it, adores Allah; he who dispenses instruction in it, bestows alms; and he who imparts it to others, performs an act of devotion to Allah.” (Bukhari, Muslim)

All the teachers of either secular or religious education should give more attention to the pupils inside the classroom. It is necessary that in the Islamic system that we should consider these dear children as our own children, and put aside all other considerations, and rise above all such things and realize our duty and our mission. We should raise the standards of education and attend to the needs of these children. We should realize our duties with earnestness and awaken to the sense of responsibility. It has been seen that there are certain teacher who are not fulfilling their duties with keen interest. I would like to request all the teachers that for the sake of God, for the sake of your revolutionary duty, teach the children with devotion and dedication.

It is important that we advance our work through discussions, debates, studies, and through proper distribution of work among ourselves.

We must never forget that we are living in an Islamic State, and our aim should be simultaneously to create both an independent as well as an Islamic culture in character. Independence and richness of content are indeed among the characteristics of the Islamic culture. Our system is an ideological system.

We should make our child enthusiastic, dynamic, and this search should pervade every corner of our society. We should aspire them to be truthful and sincere.

Self-sacrifice and generosity, love of freedom, the resolve for resistance and headstrong perseverance, the courage to welcome martyrdom-all these are the new values of the new generation, which should be taught according to the teaching of Islam.

The doors of the school should always be kept open for the sake of Islam, for the sake of the Muslim Ummah.

Munir_Moosa

Cross cultural communication is critical to the business world. The diversity of people in cities and countries means an element of cross cultural communication will always be needed whether it is between staff, colleagues, customers or clients. Awareness of cultural differences can favourably impact the success of a business. Improved staff interaction, better customer relations and effective client management are all areas that will reap benefits through cross cultural understanding.

Although cross cultural communication competency can only be truly achieved through cross cultural awareness training, language acquisition, foreign travel and cultural immersion there are some guidelines that can enhance your cross cultural communication skills.

Cross Cultural Communication needs …Listening Skills

Although emphasis usually lies on being a competent speaker, listening is a key skill that many business personnel do not exercise enough. For cross cultural communication, attentive listening is critical to be able to understand meanings, read between the lines and enable to empathise with the speaker.

Cross Cultural Communication needs…Speaking Skills

Listening and speaking must work in tandem for effective cross cultural communication. Speaking well is not about accent, use of grammar and vocabulary or having the gift of the gab. Rather, cross cultural communication is enhanced through positive speech such as encouragement, affirmation, recognition and phrasing requests clearly or expressing opinions sensitively.

Cross Cultural Communication needs… Observation

Large amounts of cross cultural information can be read in people’s dress, body language, interaction and behaviour. Be aware of differences with your own culture and try to understand the roots of behaviours. Asking questions expands your cross cultural knowledge.

Cross Cultural Communication needs… Patience

Man has been created differently and we need to recognise and understand that sometimes cross cultural differences are annoying and frustrating. In these situations patience is definitely a virtue. Through patience respect is won and cross cultural understanding is enhanced.

Cross Cultural Communication needs …Flexibility

Flexibility, adaptability and open-mindedness are the route to successful cross cultural communication. Understanding, embracing and addressing cross cultural differences leads to the breaking of cultural barriers which results in better lines of communication, mutual trust and creative thinking.

Following these five cross cultural communication needs will allow for improved lines of communication, better cross cultural awareness and more successful cross cultural relationships.

Neil_Payne

One of Indonesia’s amazing cultures is the country’s unique art-forms and that expresses mixed cultures. There are the Indonesian’s traditional puppet shows that is influenced mainly by the Hindus and Islam that among the villagers of Java. The western culture in the other hand has influenced Indonesia with modern entertainment features and techniques like the art of TV shows and movies together with their songs. Their political system was influenced mainly of the Western’s.

Though the Indonesians have been influenced by many foreign lads, the many remote places of the country still possess and reserve the country’s unique culture, rituals, customs and old traditions.

Indonesian music has been a very big part of the Indonesian community making it a very important role in every Indonesian lives. The dance together with their music has also been a big part of Indonesian civilization. There are lots of traditional dances that are being played and performed during special occasions in some public places.

Apart from their dance and music, the Indonesian’s drama and theatre are being performed in certain Indonesian occasions. Performances subjects with the country’s history. They actually perform folk stories and get to play each unique character that will give life to the performances.

Painting is also been well known for the Indonesians and that they are very artistic and detailed with colorful and traditional designs that are unique by the Indonesians. These paintings are used to be backgrounds of the theatre arts performances that give life to the show.

Here are the some of the traditional customs and traditions behind the Indonesian culture. Through the years, their culture has diverged and lots of styles and techniques are added that made their culture more colorful and lively. There are lots more to be revealed with the culture of Indonesia that is only be discovered when one is to relate himself with the Indonesians and get to know them personally. So visit this beautiful country any time and learn more about their vibrant culture and their way of living.

Pinky_Mcbanon

Cultural awareness is having the appreciation and recognition that people are different all over the world. It means having tolerance and sensitivity in many situations and controlling our attitude towards others.

Because we are all humans, we instantly believe that we must be all the same, ok yes, we have different nationalities, different languages and we may have a different colour of skin, but apart from that we are all the same.

When we travel to another country, on business or on holiday, we only have a short glimpse of the country and people we are visiting and we readily accept the lifestyle, however it is, because we know we will not be there long.

We may have to cope with understanding a few words in another language, or a new currency and getting used to some new tastes, in food and drink, but this is all part of the experience of being somewhere different.

But if we stay longer or decide to live in another country, we then start to notice some significant differences and realise that the lifestyle is quite a bit different from what we may have expected. In fact we start to judge everything by our own standards.

We ask, “Why don’t they do things the way we do?” “Why don’t they understand what I am saying to them?” “Don’t they have any manners?”

We have a slow realisation that it is not just the language that is so different to our ears, the whole situation is different. The people here have different tastes, different ideas and a very much different understanding to what you are accustomed to.

Over time, we start to have a stronger perception of some of the things that make these people the way they are. Their politics and laws are different, their beliefs and even their religion may be different and their education systems may also be unlike the ones we appreciate.

Their customs, values, ideas, attitudes and social activities may be totally different to what we have become used to. In fact you now have the complete realisation that it is not just the lifestyle that has changed for you.

But was it not that lifestyle that first attracted you to this country and these people. If they had come to your country with the expectation of everything being the way that they knew in their country, would you have changed everything for them, no you would not, so don’t expect them to change everything for you.

Take a deep breath and ask yourself this question, “How do so many people in the world manage to live together in mixed environments without any of the circumstances that you are experiencing affecting their way of life?”

How? This is how. They have realised that it is only their own attitude to the situations that are presented to them that determines the outcome.

By showing tolerance and sensitivity to other people’s feelings, with a recognition and respect for their ideas, you will very soon find that it becomes a natural way of thinking and your attitude will reflect this fact.

Their politics, laws, beliefs, religion, customs, ideas, values and education systems will all remain the same, you just have to give some patient attention to them, to gain better appreciation and understanding.

Getting more involved with the people, in social activities, you will begin to have a much fuller immersion in their ways and they will want to help you to become more integrated with them. They will put a lot of effort into communicating with you, by teaching you some of their language and learning some of yours.

You will find that their ideas, beliefs and values are not so far away from your own. And the enlightenment that families, children, relationships and friends are just as important to them as they are to you will reinforce your sense of belonging.

The creativity and artistic flair that is apparent in many countries will be presented to you by the people in their customs, traditions and folklore. You will have the opportunity to see some very spectacular sights and enjoy some wonderful enthusiastic experiences.

Whether it is just a long visit, relocation due to employment, or your new home, this country and these people are now a part of your way of life. And they will give you, as warm a welcome, as you give them.

Tolerance, sensitivity, respect and the knowledge that we are all the same, despite our differences, can and will, give us an attitude to life and to the people around us, that truly provides us with recognition of why we were put on this earth; to live in harmony and complete the successful fulfilment of our lives.

James_V_Chapman

Constructive elements of the US culture and American characteristics separate American society from Europe and other world countries, even American neighbors. This distinction becomes clearer with comparison of America and Canada. Both countries were established by European migrants, but Canadian culture has more similarity with European culture. In one hand, American culture is consequence of reaction and interaction between European cultural elements and American geography. On other hand, contact between different cultures of European and non- European culture, particularly African culture. America ethnicity is collection of many migrants ethnic. It is mix of diversity race and ethnic. Plurality and unity is one of important element of American culture.

Emerging of national identity and culture shaped before people conscious. Collection of values system, norms, history, geography, and immigration created a new way of life that I called American culture. American society is like a pot that various things were added and out put of this pot has principle difference with primary things. As a result, understanding American culture and society needs to studding of human process and geography parallel European culture.

When we talk about American culture, values, or specific manners, we mean values, manners, and characters of white mid-class. However, we should emphasis to mid-class in American cultural studies. American culture has constructed of five main elements; 1- individualism and equality 2- immigration and cultural disturbance 3- American-African race and American culture 4- Puritanism 5- expansionism.

Individualism and equality are to element that sometimes seem antonym, and sometimes complementary to each other. Nonetheless, they create significant part of American culture and identity. Both of them have had many agreements and critiques in American history. Many scholar emphases to individualism and equality, these are important constructive elements of culture, society, and government in the United States of America.

Alexis de Tocqueville believes that individualism is avoidable result of equality and democracy. Because, every person in equal circumstances follows their ideas, in this situation, all of their sentiments concentrate only on their interests. Individualism differs from the selfishness.
Individualism is visible in many layers of American society and history. American society and land mixed with individualism. Individualism was the pattern of rural settlement, that in which one house located among miles of lands and separated from others houses and villages. Individualism has effected in shaping of American cities. Also, individualism is observed in American high education system and religious patterns.

These were positive aspects of American individualism. But without doubt, it has negative aspects; inattention to keeping the structure and form of city, leaving the farm lands and old buildings without attention to environment problems and immigration to original lands, inattention to poor peoples. According to these issues, uncivilized individualism was being popular.
Before Discovering American Continent by European Adventures, there were several ethnics, but after that some ethnics added them, and after two centuries American became a multi- ethnic continent. Then United States declared independency, and frequently expended to his original territory by war, purchase, annexation. But principle source of variety had been immigration from any where, especially Europe. Potential of this people to acceptance other culture created one of significant constructive of American culture and identity. America is a territory that its history derivates its people from having a common forbears.

Hector St. John de Crevecouer in his book, “letters from an American Farmer” (1782), mentioned that “I can indicate a family that their grand father is from England with Poland’s woman, his son got married with a French girl, and their four sons got married with four diverse nations. He is an American, who left his traditional behaviors and prejudices, and choused new behaviors and ideas. These treatments, ideas originate from new way of life, government, and social positions. Here, individuals from any nations melting within a new race that in future their attempts will bring important changes in globe”.

Revolutionary war led to American independency. It was first successful anti-colonial attempt in contemporary history. Winners built a nation that had not the common, conventional pre- conditions of nation-building. United States had not natural territory, history with unique religion versus European countries. There weren’t Narrative, ancient poem, folklores, and forefathers of one race.

Since the begging of immigration to United States, English’s were major group and cant ignore significant of English language, English law, religious ideas, thinking, theoretical and thinking ideals and principles of English in construction of America and American culture. In spite of these issues, English race don’t account native race of American people. English were half people that lived in America in 1790 and African were second category with 20 percent. Answer of constructors of this new country was ideological. They introduced American as new human beings who created based on new ideas, new principles, and new thinking methods. However it was an only way to state about this young country in world.

Traditional pattern for allocating the American-African history is a route from bandage to freedom. Some historians like Nathan heukinze believe that pattern of continued campaign for representing the historic experience of American blacks. History and race relationship of American-African investigate not only considering political, economical, and social situation, but through expand cultural perspective. Establishing modern and global slavery system differed by place, time, race background and European or African formation. In eighteenth century, North American colonies had more population of slavery. Main question is that how the very variety of African people with different believes, behaviors, and language could create the society and culture of modern black world.

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